References for Radiology Residents

1. MUSCULOSKELETAL RADIOLOGY
2. CHEST RADIOLOGY
3. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
4. EMERGENCY RADIOLOGY
5. GASTROINTESTINAL RADIOLOGY
6. GENERAL RADIOLOGY
7. GENITOURINARY RADIOLOGY
8. MAMMOGRAPHY
9. NEURORADIOLOGY
10. NUCLEAR MEDICINE
11. PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY
12. PHYSICS
13. ULTRASOUND
14. REFERENCE BOOKS
15. REVIEW BOOKS
16. FINAL WORDS

These references have been helpful to me, as I hope they will be for you. I’ve tried to be selective because I respect your time limitations.

Remember that there are no perfect texts because there are no perfect people. Don’t expect one book to contain everything or explain everything equally well.

I know that some of you will find your most favorite text omitted or one of your least favorites included. This inevitable. The important point is that somehow or other you assimilate the material.

• MUSCULOSKELETAL

  
  
  1. Berquist, T.H., ed., MRI of the Musculoskeletal System, 4th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2001.
     • With MR growing so quickly, it is difficult for any text to be totally up-to-date.
     • Yet, I think you will find much that is valuable both in images and text in this 1000+ page book.

  2. Brower, A.C., Arthritis in Black and White, 2nd ed., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1996.
     • This is an update of a text already regarded as a classic.
     • If you can’t understand arthritis after this one, consider majoring in French Literature instead of Radiology.

  3. Chew, F.S., Musculoskeletal Imaging: A Teaching File, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 1999.
     • The Teaching File approach is a fun way to learn a ton of information, one bite at a time. It is also a great way to review and to test your knowledge.
     • I feel strongly that a student still needs a “standard text” to get an overview and should not limit their studies to cases.

  4. Greenspan, A., Orthopedic Radiology: A Practical Approach, 3rd ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2000.
     • I know that MR is everything but on a day-to-day basis, orthopedic x-rays are still a significant portion of the routine films.
     • If you ever hope to understand what you are looking at, you must read some ortho.

  5. Helms, C.A., Fundamentals of Skeletal Radiology, 2nd ed., Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1995.
     • Only very rarely does a book come along that is incredibly informative and fun to read. This book is that rarity.
     • This a great book not only for beginners but also for anyone who wants a quick review.
     • Did I mention that there is even a section on MR?

  6. Kaplan, P.A., Helms, C.A., et. al., Musculoskeletal MRI, Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 2001.
     • I think this is a great place to start.

  7. Resnick, D., Bone and Joint Imaging, 2nd ed., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1996.
     • How does a 1300 plus page book get to be called Baby Resnick? When it is a condensation of a six volume 3rd edition Daddy. Some Baby! But, it does have a lot of useful information that everyone expects you to know.
     • I think you should read it, or at the very least, look at all the pictures.
     • I expect a new edition of “Baby” Resnick because the new, 4th edition of “Daddy” Resnick was just published in 2002.

  
  

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• CHEST

  
  
  1. Armstrong, P., Wilson, A.G., Dee, P., Hansell, D.M., Imaging of Diseases of the Chest, 2nd ed., Yearbook, Chicago, IL, 1995.
     • I can’t say enough good things about this one. It has a ton of useful information with excellent images. It’s not that difficult to read.
     • If Freundlich’s text seems a little “light,” try this one on for size!

  2. Felson, B., Chest Roentgenology, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1973.
     • This book is the theoretical underpinning of plain film chest radiology, and, as such, is a classic.
     • You probably won’t catch it all the first time through, so don’t be discouraged.
     • If you do read this book — and I think you should — you’ll finally know where all the principles of chest interpretation come from.

  3. Goodman, L.R., Felson’s Principles of Chest Roentgenology: A Programmed Text, 2nd ed, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1999.
     • This is the update to Dr. Felson’s original 1965 programmed introduction to Chest Radiology.
     • This paperback book belongs on everyone’s bookshelf. I recommend this book to everyone from medical students on up.
     • It teaches you, in an evening or two, lung anatomy, patterns of segmental collapse, and much, much more. You’ll be glad you read it!

  4. Freundlich, I.M., Diffuse Pulmonary Disease: A Radiologic Approach, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1979.
     • This short (239 pages), x-ray only paperback book has excellent images and a case study approach to boot.
     • I don’t know how easy it is to get this book.
     • Dr. Freundlich examined me in Chest on the Oral Boards. Good thing I read his book!

  5. Freundlich, I.M., Bragg, D.G., A Radiologic Approach to Diseases of the Chest, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1992.
     • Chest radiology isn’t easy and I think that you have to read something like Freundlich or Armstrong.
     • Of the two, I think Freundlich is the easier read but you may appreciate Armstrong in the long run.
     • It may come down to a personal choice.

  6. Reed, J.C., Chest Radiology: Plain Film Patterns and Differential Diagnosis, 4th ed., Yearbook, Chicago, IL, 1996.
     • This is a MUST HAVE. It has differential diagnoses for various plain film patterns along with excellent radiographs and discussions.

  7. Stern, E.J., White, C.S., Chest Radiology Companion, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA., 1999.
     • This a very basic book but it really does cover a large amount of material. I think it could also serve as a good review.

  8. Swensen, S.J., Stern, E.J., High Resolution CT of the Chest, Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA., 1996.
     • The book is short and the images are excellent.
     • It uses a case study approach and is a reasonably fast read.
     • I can’t imagine why you wouldn’t want to read it. Can I say more?

  9. Swensen, S.J., Radiology of Thoracic Diseases: A Teaching File, Yearbook, Chicago, IL, 1992.
     • Do yourself a favor — buy this and read it no less than twice. This is required reading!

  
  

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• COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

  
  
  1. Fishman,E.K., Jeffrey, Jr., R.B., Spiral CT: Principles, Techniques and Clinical Applications, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
     • I remember when MR first came out and CT was thought to be dead. Spiral CT has changed all that.
     • Good coverage of 3-D applications.

  2. Jeffrey, Jr., R.B., Fishman,E.K., Spiral CT of the Body: A Teaching File, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA, 1996.
     • A case study approach. Pleasant reading.

  3. Lee, J.K.T., Sagel, S.S., Stanley, R.J., Heiken, J.P., Computed Tomography with MRI Correlation, 3rd ed., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
     • I think that this book is readable during Radiology residency.
     • This book has traditionally been a favorite with residents.

  4. Silverman, P.M., Helical (Spiral) Computed Tomography: A Practical Approach to Clinical Protocols Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
     • Lots of very practical information in this paperback. I find myself referring to it time and again.

  5. Webb, W.R., Brant, W.E., Helms, C.A., Fundamentals of Body CT , 2nd ed., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
     • In the same style as Helm’s Fundamentals of Skeletal Radiology.
     • It is a must read.

  
  

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• EMERGENCY RADIOLOGY

  
  
  1. Harris, J.H., Radiology of Emergency Medicine, 4th ed, Lippincott William & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 1999.
     • Sets the standard, as far as I am concerned.
     • Along with Keat’s book on normal variants in radiology, this text belongs in every ER department.

  2. Stern, E.J., Trauma Radiology Companion, Lippincott Raven, Philadelphia, PA, 1997.
     • Trauma Radiology is coming into its own as a specialty.
     • Traditionally, trauma was included as a topic in a larger text. For example, neuroradiology books usually cover trauma only as it relates to the neuro-axis.
     • However, what is really needed in the ER is someone who is comfortable with all areas of trauma, including musculo­skeletal, GI, renal, etc.
     • There is a “turf” battle going on between radiologists and emergency physicians as to who should read and bill for ER studies, but that is a story for another day. Bottom line is that if you want to be the one to read ER cases, you need to know your stuff. For more detail, read Harris’ text (above, this section).

  
  

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• GASTROINTESTINAL RADIOLOGY

  
  
  1. Eisenberg, R.L., Gastrointestinal Radiology: A Pattern Approach, 2nd ed., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA, 1996.
     • For a single volume work, I think this one wins a spot “required reading” list.
     • It may look long but the numerous images make for fast reading.

  2. Eisenberg, R.L., Gastrointestinal Radiology Companion: Imaging Fundamentals, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA., 1999.
     • Outstanding text with outstanding radiographs. Even has sono and CT.
     • You’re daft if you don’t read this.

  3. Halpert, R.D., Goodman, P., Gastrointestinal Radiology — The Requisites, Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 1993.
     • I’ve seen residents reading and underlining it, so who am I to say different?

  4. Taylor, A.J., A.G. Bohorfoush III, Interpretation of ERCP, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA, 1997.
     • You will find that you need to know this material both for the Boards as well as for general radiology work.
     • Either way, you shouldn’t avoid this topic.

  5. Webb, H.R., Brant, W.E., Helms, C.A., Fundamentals of Body CT, 2nd ed., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
     • I think this book is fantastic. It is a MUST read.
     • The section on chest is excellent.
     • Don’t leave home without it.

  
  

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• GENERAL RADIOLOGY

  
  
  1. Brant, W.E., Helms, C.A., Fundamentals of Diagnostic Radiology, 2nd ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1999.
     • If I had to choose and keep one book in this section, this would be it.
     • It may wound simplistic, but just read anything by Helms.

  2. Juhl, J., Paul & Juhl’s Essentials of Radiologic Imaging, 7th ed, Lippincott, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
     • Non-radiology residents often want a single book that has “everything.”

  3. Novelline, R., Squire’s Fundamentals of Radiology, 5th ed, Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997.
     • This really is the standard for medical students.

  
  

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• GENITOURINARY RADIOLOGY

  
  
  1. Davidson, A.J. et. al., Davidson’s Radiology of the Kidney and Genitourinary Tract, 3rd ed, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1999.
     • Uses a pattern-oriented as opposed to a disease-oriented approach.
     • I used the 2nd ed as a resident as was very satisfied.

  2. Dunnick, N.R., Sandler, C.M., Newhouse, J.N., Amis, Jr., E.S., Textbook of Uroradiology, 2nd ed., Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1996.
     • Very reasonable choice.

  3. Zagoria, R.J., Tung, G.A., Genitourinary Radiology — The Requisites, Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 1997.
     • This book got a very good review in Radiology.
     • Special mention was made of its coverage of the lower GU tract — a topic often omitted in other texts.

  
  

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• MAMMOGRAPHY

  
  
  1. Cardenosa, Gilda, Breast Imaging Companion, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA., 1997.
     • I don’t own this book yet but it has been recommended to me and the “Companion” series is overall excellent.

  2. de Paredes, E.S., Atlas of Film-Screen Mammography, 2nd ed., Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, MD, 1992.
     • I happen to like how this book is written.
     • If you prefer, you can read texts by Kopans and/or Sickles instead .... or in addition!

  3. Kopans, D.B.,Breast Imaging, 2nd ed, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
     • The consensus seems to be that this is the one to read.
     • CD-ROM is available.
     • Kopans also has published Atlas of Breast Imaging.

  4. Homer, M.J., Mammographic Interpretation, A Practical Approach, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1997.
     • Superb book that not only teaches you how to make the findings and what they mean, but what to do with the patient once you have made them.
     • Dr. Homer’s course is widely praised and I can tell you, from personal experience, that he is a spell­binding lecturer.

  
  

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• NEURORADIOLOGY

  (including Head and Neck)
  
  1. Castillo, M., Neuroradiology Companion: Methods Guidelines and Imaging Fundamentals, 2nd ed, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA., 1999.
     • As with all the volumes in the “Companion” series, this paperback text is filled with cases and associated “key facts.”
     • Individual volumes are inexpensive so that it is easily possible to own the series and still have money left over for Saturday night.

  2. Grossman, R.I., Youssem, D.M., Neuroradiology — The Requisites, Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 1994.
     • You could use this as your main text but the book is rather concise.
     • On the other hand, it can serve as an outstanding review even if it is also getting out of date — very out of date.
     • Still, I’d make sure that I knew the material in this book before taking any exam.
     • The authors also publish an accompanying volume with cases that you can use to test your knowledge.

  3. Osborn, A.G., Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 1994.
     • On most days, I think that this is the best basic Neuro book. Note the publication date. An update is appropriate.
     • Afterward, use the Requisites for review.

  4. Osborn, A.G., Introduction to Cerebral Angiography, 2nd ed, Mosby, Harper & Row, New York, 1998.
     • Although diagnostic angio has had a decreased role with CT, MR and MR angio, it still is important.
     • Although Osborn’s main Neuro text has plenty of angio, you would not regret reading this book.

  5. Shankar, L., et. al., Head and Neck Imaging, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1998.
     • This book is the best introduction to this very important — and difficult to master — area.
     • Run out and buy it. (Or stay home and buy it on the Internet!)

  6. Yock, D.H., Imaging of CNS Disease, A CT and MR Teaching File, 2nd ed., Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 1991.
     • I loved the first edition, which was CT only.
     • Very useful for the Boards. Also practical for day-to-day material.
     • Also worth checking is Dr. Yock’s excellent text devoted to MRI teaching file cases.

  
  

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• NUCLEAR MEDICINE

  
  
  1. Henkin, R.L., et. al.,Nuclear Medicine, Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 1996.
     • I find myself constantly finding what I need in this book while being frustrated finding info in a similar book by Wagner.
     • I guess Wagner’s book is what you should know while Henkin’s is what you need to know.

  2. Kuni, C.C., du Cret, R.P., Manual of Nuclear Medicine Imaging, Thieme, New York, NY, 1997.
     • A small, easily carried paperback with a ton of useful, practical, well-written and easily understood material.
     • If I could force you, I would make you buy it.

  3. Mettler, F.A., Guiberteau, M.J., Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Imaging, 4th ed., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
     • Before the “Requisites” came along, this was the one to get.
     • The 3rd edition of this book was already out of date when the Nuclear Medicine Requisites appeared. It will be interesting to see if this edition can win back the following it once had.
     • If I had to choose between Mettler and the Requisites, I would choose Mettler.

  4. Thrall, J.H., Ziessman, H.A., Nuclear Medicine: The Requisites, Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 1995.
     • This would be my suggestion for a first nuclear medicine text.
     • Coverage isn’t complete but it is surprisingly good. Well written, as well.

  
  

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• PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY

  
  
  1. Blickman, J.G., Pediatric Radiology — The Requisites, 2nd ed., Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 1997.
     • To be fair, I haven’t this but the residents read it so I am passing on the info.

  2. Swischuk, L.E., Imaging of the Newborn, Infant, and Young Child, 4th ed., Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1997.
     • I know that there are several options out there, but for me, there is something about the way Dr. Swischuk writes that makes things easy to remember.

  
  

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• PHYSICS

  
  
  1. Chandra, R., Nuclear Medicine Physics: The Basics 5th ed, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA., 1998.
     • This covers what I think you ought to know for starters.
     • Oral examiners may ask you specific regulations regarding your own state.
     • Examiners seem to like to ask “What if” type of questions, as in “What if someone pours a bottle filled with 99m-Technetium pertechnitate down your back? What would you do first?” Hmm... what would you do?

  2. Curry III, T.S, et. al., Christensen’s Introduction to the Physics of Diagnostic Radiology, 4th ed, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA., 1990.
     • I must confess that I do not know what to recommend regarding physics. In the old days, Christensen’s book was the way to go, but now there is digital radiography, computed radiography, teleradiology, PACS and a whole lot more.
     • You also need to know about radiobiology and radiation protection. Again, I could recommend that you visit a medical bookstore and see what appeals to you, but I don’t know what is best these days for the written Board exam.

  3. Mitchell, D.G., MRI Principles, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1999.
     • I’m afraid that there is no way around this stuff. It has to be learned somewhere.

  
  

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• ULTRASOUND

  
  
  1. Abbitt, P.A., Ultrasound: A Pattern Approach, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1995.
     • Recommended by a resident via e-mail. Or try ...

  2. Abbitt, P.A., Imaging in Ob/Gyn: A Teaching File, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1997.

  3. Callen, P.W., Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3rd ed, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1994.
     • Highly recommended. A very reasonable choice.
     • Dr. Callen is also a gifted lecturer.

  4. Kurtz, A., Middleton, W., Ultrasound: The Requisites, Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 1996.
     • Required reading. It’s excellent.
     • I constantly refer to the tables in it when I read ultrasound cases.

  5. Thurmond, A.S., Jones, M.K., Cohen, D.J., Gynecologic, Obstetric and Breast Radiology, Blackwell Science, Cambridge, Mass., 1996.
     • I really like this book, which is 700+ pages. The text is well written, up-to-date and the pictures are excellent.
     • In reality, you have many choices including the ones listed below. The important point is to pick one and read it.

  
  

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• REFERENCE BOOKS

  
  
  1. Atlas, Scott. ed., Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain and Spine, 2nd ed, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA, 1996.
     • The material is also published on CD-ROM which you can purchase instead of the book or together with the book, at a special price.

  2. Hudson, T.M., Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation of Musculoskeletal Lesions. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1987.
     • Both of us know that the foundation of Radiology is Pathology.
     • Although there are many books on this subject — including classics by Lichtenstein and also Jaffe — I think you’ll like this one.

  3. McGahan, J.P., Goldberg, B.B., Diagnostic Ultrasound: A Logical Approach, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
     • Comprehensive — to say the least!
     • CD-ROM available.

  4. Rumack, C.M., Wilson, S.R., Charboneau, J.W., Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2nd ed, Mosby-Yearbook, St. Louis, MO, 1998.
     • I guarantee that you will keep coming back to this text for the final word.

  
  

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• REVIEW BOOKS

  
  
  1. Dahnert, W., Radiology Review Manual, 4th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1999.
     • I don’t even know a resident who doesn’t have this book. It’s heavy, and they carry it everywhere.
     • The book not only contains differential diagnoses but also, a concise summary of all different diseases.
     • It is truly encyclopedic but I thought that its differentials were too broad.
     • This text can also be found on CD-ROM. Can’t tell you too much because I don’t own it.

  2. Ford, K.L., Pope, Jr., T.L., Aunt Minnie’s Atlas and Imaging Specific Diagnosis, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1996.
     • How can you miss with a title (and contents) like this!
     • Makes a great gift for that Radiologist on your list.

  3. Provencale, J.M., Nelson, R.C., Duke Radiology Case Review: Imaging, Differential Diagnosis and Discussion. , Lippincott William & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
     • For $79.00, what could be bad?

  4. Rosenthal, D.I., Chew, F.S., Palmer, W.E., Barboriak, D.P., Rosenberg, A.E., Radiology: MGH Clinical Review, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 1994.
     • Let’s face it. We all like the case study approach.
     • This book not only has excellent images from all the radiologic imaging modalities, but has pathology correlation as well.
     • Some discussions are better than others but this is usually the case with multi-author works.
     • The “unknowns” actually have arrows and descriptions with them and thus are not separated from the answers. You may find this irritating.
     • I give this book a thumbs up.

  
  

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• FINAL WORDS

  
  
  1. Bare Minimum Survival Guide for:
     • CHEST
       • Read Freundlich (textbook), Reed, and Swenson (teaching file).
       • Armstrong is more detailed that Freundlich and should either be read or, at the very least, be used as a reference.

     • BONE
       • Read Helms, Resnick.

     • GI
       • Read Eisenberg.

     • ULTRASOUND, NUCLEAR, NEURO, GU
       • Read the Requisites for all.
       • Read anything written by Osborn and Yock for Neuro.

  2. Also, useful —
     • The Syllabi from the American College of Radiology (ACR).
     • ACR Teaching files on film, laser disk, and CD ROM.
     • Radiological Clinics of North America (RCNA).
     • New CD ROM offerings. They are becoming more frequent by the day.
       • Very frequently they are sold with the textbook at a special price.
       • Considering how heavy and cumbersome some of these texts are, you may find the CD-ROM a reasonable investment.
       • Just remember that reading text from a computer screen can be fatiguing at current resolutions.

  3. Some insights —
     • I think that, within limits, it is less important precisely what books you so long as you read. We all have our favorites.
     • Start to read early in your Residency. Don’t wait until just before the Boards.
     • Don’t neglect standard textbooks in favor of case study material. Standard texts give the structure into which individual examples fit. If cases are the trees, textbooks are the forest.
     • Read as many films and do as many procedures as possible. Document the procedures that you do.
     • Teaching files on the Internet can be fun but can also be an inefficient way to study.
     • Take the several week long Radiology-Pathology course offered by the Armed Forces Institute of Technology.
       • Most U.S. Radiology Residents are given the opportunity of taking this course.
       • I think there were some non-U.S. citizens there, so find out who if you are eligible.
       • The amount of material is overwhelming and (unfortunately) the more you know before you arrive, the more you will get out of this course.
       • Practicing radiologists can take part of this course as a review although the AFIP also offers weekend courses for those of us who want to keep up to date.

  4. Residents love the “Requisites Series” of books from Mosby.
     • Although the quality oscillates wildly from volume to volume, each “Requisites” is a concise description of a an area, e.g., Pediatrics.
     • The Mosby “Requisite” series now includes a musculo­skeletal volume. I don’t much care for it as there are too many lists, way to many “pearls,” which to me are just more lists, and not enough images and diagrams.
     • I still recommend Helms’ short text, especially for your first exposure to Bone.

  5. Yes, with very few exceptions, I own all of the above books.
  6. No, these are are not the only books I own in these subjects.
  7. Yes, I’ve more or less read them all, sometimes more than once!
  8. No, you can’t borrow them.

LIST OF TOPICS